Intelligence artificielle et formation des professionnels de la santé : une revue intégrative des apports, défis et enjeux de médiation
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L’intégration de l’intelligence artificielle (IA) dans la formation initiale et continue des professionnels de la santé est appelée à transformer les stratégies pédagogiques, les dispositifs de formation en milieu clinique et les pratiques de développement professionnel. Cet article examine, à partir d’une revue intégrative de 62 publications récentes (2023–2025), les conditions pédagogiques, organisationnelles et éthiques qui favorisent ou freinent cette intégration. L’analyse thématique met en évidence quatre axes structurants : (1) le développement de la littératie en IA à travers des curricula formels et des approches interprofessionnelles; (2) l’usage de l’IA pour personnaliser l’apprentissage et soutenir la prise de décision clinique; (3) les défis d’implantation, incluant les contraintes d’infrastructure, la résistance institutionnelle et les lacunes de formation du corps enseignant; et (4) les enjeux éthiques liés aux biais algorithmiques, à la protection des données et à la transparence des systèmes. Les résultats révèlent un décalage significatif entre les promesses de l’IA et les preuves empiriques disponibles, ainsi que des inégalités d’accès marquées entre institutions. Cette revue propose un cadre de médiation technopédagogique critique et plaide pour une intégration réflexive, équitable et empiriquement fondée de l’IA dans les environnements de formation en santé.
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