Idas y vueltas entre investigación y práctica: Análisis de necesidades y cápsulas de microaprendizaje para el aprendizaje de una lengua tercera o adicional
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El vínculo entre investigación y práctica es central para la enseñanza. Sin embargo, se critica a menudo la investigación en adquisición de lenguas segundas por su falta de implicaciones claras para la práctica. Sabemos, no obstante, que el vínculo entre la investigación y el terreno es fundamental si se quiere optimizar la elección de material adecuado en clase (Haukås, 2016). Este estudio expone, pues, los resultados preliminares de las primeras fases de un vasto proyecto que propone idas y vueltas entre la investigación y la práctica, centrándose en el impacto formativo de cápsulas de microaprendizaje ofrecidas como complemento a la enseñanza en clase. Las cápsulas proponen una actividad de aprendizaje y un componente de microaprendizaje con retroacción automática (directa e indirecta) en cursos de lengua en contexto auténtico (híbrido y a distancia). Su contenido se basa en los retos comunes de los aprendices (gramaticales, lexicales y morfológicos) a la hora de escribir, identificados a partir de un análisis de corpus constituido de redacciones de estudiantes universitarios de una lengua tercera o adicional (catalán). Dichas cápsulas de aprendizaje y dichos ejercicios se ofrecen a la comunidad de práctica con el objetivo de apoyar el aprendizaje en clase. Los resultados de la puesta a disposición de cápsulas complementarias de microaprendizaje muestran que los estudiantes perciben como útiles las cápsulas centradas en los retos detectados. Asimismo, la perspectiva ecológica utilizada contribuye a compartir avances científicos ofreciendo acceso a material de la investigación al profesorado de lenguas minoritarias, como el catalán en este caso, mediante una comunidad de práctica en línea; material de base sobre los datos obtenidos de la práctica real.
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