Use of Open-Source Digital Tools and Open Educational Resources in Language Learning in Morocco: Teaching Practices and Autonomous Learning

Main Article Content

Najlaa El Gouar

Abstract

This study explores the use of open-source digital tools and open educational resources (OER) in language learning, with a focus on teaching practices and students’ autonomous learning strategies. Conducted across several institutions of Hassan First University, the research follows a mixed-methods approach combining semi-structured interviews with 12 teachers and a questionnaire answered by 215 students. Findings reveal a growing but uneven use of OER, often hindered by lack of training, time, and infrastructure. Students frequently turn to online platforms (YouTube, Duolingo, ChatGPT, etc.) for self-directed learning, though they face challenges with motivation, consistency, and self-assessment. The study highlights the need for active pedagogical mediation to ensure effective integration of OER into teaching practices and calls for the development of contextually adapted resources within a more inclusive educational framework.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Article Details

How to Cite
El Gouar, N. (2026). Use of Open-Source Digital Tools and Open Educational Resources in Language Learning in Morocco: Teaching Practices and Autonomous Learning. Mediations and Mediatizations, (23), 56–81. https://doi.org/10.52358/mm.vi23.484
Section
Research articles

References

Azilan, I. (2023). Ressources éducatives libres : pratiques et enjeux dans les pays du Sud. Communication présentée au colloque Promouvoir l’accès à l’information à l’usage du public, UNESCO, Université de Lomé et CEROCE, Lomé, Togo. https://hal.science/hal-04066089v1

Benali, M., Boukare, M., Elouelji, S., et Blej, M. (2021). Disposition des enseignants marocains à l’adoption des ressources éducatives libres : état des lieux et perspectives. ITM Web of Conferences, 39(3), 03010. https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213903010 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/itmconf/20213903010

Benson, P. (2013). Teaching and researching autonomy (2ᵉ éd.). Routledge. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315833767

Berrahal, M. R., et Oukassi, M. (2022). L’intégration du numérique dans l’enseignement dans la perspective du nouveau modèle de développement. Alternatives Managériales et Économiques, 4(2), 562-579. https://doi.org/10.48374/IMIST.PRSM/ame-v4i2.32215

Blin, F., et Jalkanen, J. (2014). Designing for language learning: Agency and languaging in hybrid environments. Apples – Journal of Applied Language Studies, 8(1), 147-170. https://apples.journal.fi/article/view/97861

Bouhlou, H. (2022). Enseignement des langues et langues d’enseignement à l’université marocaine : cas de l’intégration des TIC dans l’enseignement du/en français aux facultés des sciences [thèse de doctorat, Université de Haute-Alsace et Université Chouaib Doukkali]. Université de Haute-Alsace. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03879113v1

Charlier, B., et Henri, F. (2010). Introduction. Dans B. Charlier et F. Henri (dir.), Apprendre avec les technologies (p. 11 19). Paris : Presses Universitaires de France. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/puf.charl.2010.01.0011

Charlot, B. (1997). Du rapport au savoir : éléments pour une théorie. Anthropos.

Cisel, M. (2023). D’une discipline académique à l’autre, une approche contrastée de la diffusion et de l’appropriation des ressources éducatives libres au sein de l’enseignement supérieur. Distances et Médiations des Savoirs, 44. https://doi.org/10.4000/dms.9611 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/dms.9611

D’Antoni, S. (2008). Open educational resources: The way forward. UNESCO – International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP). https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000157987

Deci, E. L., et Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior. New York: Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2271-7

El Hazzat, S., El Kirat El Allame, Y. et Faizi, R. (2024). ICT adoption in Moroccan higher education: Key predictors of students’ technology acceptance and usage. Moroccan Journal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research, 6(4). https://doi.org/10.48379/IMIST.PRSM/mjqr-v6i4.53006

Godwin-Jones, R. (2018). Using mobile devices in the language classroom: Part of the Cambridge Papers in ELT Series. Cambridge University Press.

Holec, H. (1981). Autonomy and foreign language learning. Pergamon Press.

LesEco.ma (2024, 23 octobre). Ressources éducatives libres et science ouverte : le Maroc franchit le pas. LesEco.ma. https://leseco.ma/maroc/ressources-educatives-libres-et-science-ouverte-le-maroc-franchit-le-pas.html

Little, D. (2007). Language learner autonomy: Some fundamental considerations revisited. Innovation in Language Learning and Teaching, 1(1), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.2167/illt040.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2167/illt040.0

Massou, L. (2021). Usage pédagogique des ressources éducatives libres : quelles tensions entre ouverture et didactisation des ressources numériques? Apprentissage des langues et systèmes d’information et de communication (ALSIC), 24(2). https://doi.org/10.4000/alsic.5670 DOI: https://doi.org/10.4000/alsic.5670

Mishra, P., et Koehler, M. J. (2006). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A framework for teacher knowledge. Teachers College Record, 108(6), 1017-1054. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9620.2006.00684.x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/016146810610800610

Neggady Alami, T., et Fahssis, L. (2019). Intégration des TIC dans l’enseignement supérieur : cas de l’Université Hassan II. Revue Marocaine des Sciences de l’Éducation (REMAC), 4, 87-9. https://doi.org/10.48430/IMIST.PRSM/remac-n4.18042

Noels, K. A., Pelletier, L. G., Clément, R., et Vallerand, R. J. (2000). Why are you learning a second language? Motivational orientations and self-determination theory. Language Learning, 50(1), 57-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00111 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/0023-8333.00111

UNESCO (2019). Recommandation sur les ressources éducatives libres. Organisation des Nations Unies pour l’éducation, la science et la culture. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000370936

Ushioda, E. (2011). Motivating learners to speak as themselves. Dans G. Murray, X. Gao, et T. Lamb (dir.), Identity, motivation and autonomy in language learning. Clevedon: Multilingual Matters. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/jj.29308457.5

Weller, M. (2014). The battle for open: How openness won and why it doesn’t feel like victory. Ubiquity Press. https://doi.org/10.5334/bam DOI: https://doi.org/10.5334/bam

Wiley, D. (2014). The access compromise and the 5th R. Iterating toward openness. Blogue de l’auteur. http://opencontent.org/blog/archives/3221

Wiley, D., et Hilton, J. L. (2018). Defining OER-enabled pedagogy. The International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 19(4), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i4.3601 DOI: https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v19i4.3601